c2500 BC: Minoan civilization develops.
c2900-2000 BC: Bronze Age - Early Aegean cultures
c2494-2345 BC: During the 5th Egyptian dynasty, worship of sun god Ra becomes the predominant religion.
c2181-2040 BC: FIRST INTERMEDIATE PERIOD of EGYPT- increases in power of provincial governors through the 6th dynasty, leads to breakdown of central authority and chaos throughout the country. This is the period of the upsurge of the cult of Osiris.
c2100 BC: Mentuhotep II, first king of the 11th dynasty reunites Egypt, and established the capital at Thebes.
c1930 BC: First palaces on Crete.
C1700-1550 BC: SECOND INTERMEDIATE PERIOD. 13th dynasty collapses after a succession of short-lived and little known kings.
C1674 BC: Memphis falls to Hyksos.
C1550-1085 BC: NEW KINGDOM of EGYPT - Ahmose completes defeat of Hyksos and unites Egypt under new dynasty.
1512-1448 BC: During Tuthmosis III, Egyptian rule is extended as far as the Euphrates River to the east and south to the Fourth Cataract of the Nile.
c1450 BC: Tuthmosis IV digs the Sphinx out of the sands.
c1400 BC: Volcanic eruption on Thera destroys Mycenae.
1391-1358 BC: Amenhotep IV changes name to Akhenaten and tries to institute a monotheistic religion by worshipping only the sun-disk god Aten.
1375-50 BC: Mycenaean customs appear on Crete.
1368-1349 BC: Tutankhamen restores the old cults at Thebes, but shortly after is assasinated.
c1299 BC: Ramesses II fights Hitties at the Battle of Kadesh. Builds temples at Thebes and Abu Simbel. He is considered the most prolific pharaoh to construct temples.
1224-1165 BC: Ramesses III repulses invasion of Seas Peoples. He is considered the last great Egyptian pharaoh.
c1200 BC: Destruction of Cretan palaces and of Priam's city at Troy (Ilium).
c1070-712 BC: THIRD INTERMEDIATE PERIOD of EGYPT- Ephemeral kings whom little is known. It is a period of overlapping rulers, with no strong central power. Invasion by Assyrians.
c1050-750 BC: EARLY PERIOD of GREECE- First Greek migration to west coast of Asia minor. Few written records of this time period remain. Also, this era is known as the Dark Ages of Greece.
800-700 BC: Italy inhabited by Hellenic and Etruscan people. The land is undeveloped.
776 BC: First Olympic Games
753 BC: Romulus founds Roman culture at the Palatine.
c750-700 BC: Homer writes the Iliad and the Odyssey
c750-500 BC: ARCHAIC PERIOD of GREECE- Greeks search for new land for agriculture. City-states are formed throughout the Mediterranean that function as political units or polis, each ruled by a king and a council.
735-700 BC: First Greek colonies in Sicily.
c730-710 BC: Spartans conquer southwest Peloponnese in the First Messenian War.
c700 BC: Lelantine war in Euboia
c671-667 BC: Assyrians invade Egypt, "sacking" Thebes and Memphis.
736-656 BC: 25th dynasty. Egypt ruled by Kushite pharaohs
636-546 BC: Thales, Greek Philosopher - Together with Anaximander and Anaximenes, Thales formed the Milesian school of philosophy.
c580 - 520 BC: Pythagoras of Samos - Greek Philosopher
540 BC: Anaximander dies. He is credited with writing the first philosophical treatise and making the first map of known world.
525-404 BC: 27th dynasty. Conquered by the King Conlyses who establishes first Persian domination of Egypt.
524 BC: Greeks stop the southward Etruscan migration at Cumae.
509 BC: Romans overthrow tyrant Tarquinius Superbus, ending the Etruscan dynasty.
c. 502 BC: Anaximenes, Greek Philosopher
500-323 BC: CLASSICAL PERIOD of GREECE- Interest in literature, artwork, architecture, philosophy, and politics surges during this time period. Athens is the hub of activity throughout the Mediterranean.
490-479 BC: GREEK Persian Wars.
490 BC: First Persian War- Athenians defeat Persians at Marathon.
480 BC: Second Persian War- Persian forces led by Xerxes destroy Athens. Greek forces won a major sea battle at Salamis.
461-446 BC: First of the Peloponnesian Wars begins between Sparta and Athens.
450 BC: ROMAN- Twelve Tables of Roman law are published. http://www.historyguide.org/ancient/12tables.html
441 BC: Euripides writes his first tragic play.
431-405 BC: Second of the Peloponnesian Wars between Sparta and Athens.
437-426 BC : The Roman Fidenaen war
399 BC: Socrates is tried and executed for his opposition to the Thirty Tyrants.
396 BC: The city of Veii is conquered by Romans.
386 BC: Plato, student of Socrates, founds the Academy.
384 BC: Aristotle, student of Plato, is born.
359 BC: Philip II becomes the king of Macedon.
357-356 BC: Social War- between Macedon and Athens.
356 BC: Alexander the Great, son of Philip II, is born. The temple of Delphi is destroyed in the Sacred War.
340 BC: The Latin War begins.
338 BC: King Philip II defeats Athenians and Thebans.
336 BC: King Philip II is assassinated, and Alexander the Great takes throne.
332 BC: Alexander the Great of Macedonia defeats Persians at Issus in 333 BC and is given Egypt by the Persian Satrap. He builds a capital at Alexandria.
332-395 AD: Graeco-Roman Period.
323 BC: Alexander the Great dies at Babylon.
323-31 BC: HELLENISTIC PERIOD. Antigonid Macedon, Ptolemaic Egypt, and Seleucid Syria emerge as the three major kingdoms. Greece suffered from internal revolts.
304-30 BC: The Ptolemies.
264 BC: First Punic War to take Carthage for dominance of Mediterranean.
241 BC: Romans win Sicily.
224 BC: Earthquake destroys the Colossus.
221 BC: The structure Circus Flaminius is built.
218-201 BC: Second Punic War brings the defeat of General Hannibal of Carthage.
197 BC: King Philip V loses to Roman forces at Kynoskephalai.
179 BC: The structure Basilica Aemilia is built.
149-146 BC: Third Punic War ends with the Roman capture of Carthage.
86 BC: Roman General Sulla seizes Athens.
44 BC: The assassination of Julius Caesar marks the end of the Roman Republic.
31 BC: Octavian Caesar defeats Mark Antony and becomes emperor of Roman world. He is given title Augustus.
14 BC: Augustus dies.
41 AD: Gaius Julius, the emperor Caligula, is murdered.
43 AD: Claudius wins victories in Britain.
64 AD: Rome is burnt.
68 AD: Civil War breaks out in Rome.
70 AD: Emperor Titus captures Jerusalem.
97 AD: Death of Nerva.
235-284 AD: Germans, Goths, and Persians attack Rome.
267 AD: Goths ruin Athens, Sparta, and Korinth
284 AD: Diocletian restores order to Rome.
286 AD: Emperor Diocletian divides Roman empire in two, forming modern Greece (the Byzantine Empire)
302 AD: Diocletian banned Christians from the Roman Army.
312 AD: Constantine defeats Maxentius to become absolute ruler of Rome.
337 AD: Constantine dies.
363 AD: Persians capture Mesopotamia.
410 AD: Goths destroy Rome.
476 AD: Western Rome dies.
641 AD: Arab conquest.
641 AD: Slavs overrun Greece
1453 AD: Eastern Rome dissolves.